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Food

Aebi R., Mühlemann M., Bühlmann G., Schällibaum M.

Risk assessment of L. monocytogenes in Swiss Emmental raw milk cheese

About 33% of the total Swiss agricultural earnings are from the milk production which is important to the Swiss agricultural industry. Our approach follows the origin and propagation of Listeria monocytogenes-contamination using data and expert-knowledge at all involved production levels and competence areas. The result is shown in a contamination profile along the food production…
Food

Mühlemann M., Aebi R., Schällibaum M.

An introduction to risk analysis and microbiological risk assessment

In this article, the concepts of microbiological risk analysis are presented as well as risk assessment following the Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Special attention is given firstly to the so-called infectious disease triangle between host, microorganism and foodstuff and secondly to different approaches of risk assessment in practice. The dynamic process of controlling risks is visualised…
Food

Isolini D., Fröhlich-Wyder M.-T.

Results of screening of lipolytic activity in propionibacteria extrapolated to Emmental cheese production

The lipolytic activity of six strains of propionibacteria were differentiated in laboratory, using a simple method based on the incubation of cells in milk fat and the subsequent determination of free fatty acids. The production of cheese with the analysed strains confirmed that the propionibacteria are essentially responsible for the lipolysis in Emmental cheese and…
Food

Collomb M., Malke P., Spahni M., Sieber R., Bütikofer U.

Different lipolysis in winter cheese compared to summer

This study shows results on the content of individual free fatty acids in six different ripened winter and summer Swiss cheeses. The sum of the content of free fatty acids formed by lipolysis was always higher in winter cheeses than in summer ones, the one in Emmental being 4 to 5 times higher than in…
Food

Eberhard P., Bütikofer U., Sieber R.

Vitamins in stored high heated milk

Whole milk was pasteurised with a direct method at 125 °C and an indirect method at 115 °C. Immediately after heating and storage at 5 °C during 1 and 4 weeks, the vitamins B1, B6, B12 as well as folic acid were examined. No losses due to storage (storage losses) were detected with Vitamin B12…
Food

Thomet A., Sieber R., Gugolz R., Gantenbein-Demarchi C.

Efficient conservation of microorganisms by flow bed-drying

The process of flow bed drying has been used for the conservation of several different products for some time. Preliminary experiments for the conservation of lactic acid bacteria gave positive results. Commercial use of the flow bed-drying technology for the conservation and confectioning of microorganisms used in fermentation processes seems to be realisable, however, further…
Food

Collomb M., Eyer H., Sieber R.

Chemical structure and composition of fatty acids in milk fat

Milk fat contains approximately 400 different fatty acids. They can originate directly from the fat of the foodstuffs or the animal tissue, formed either by biohydrogenation in the rumen of the cow or synthesised in the mammary gland. At the present time, the official methods for the determination of fatty acid composition in milk fat…
Food

Bachmann H.-P., Bobst C., Bütikofer U., DallaTorre M., Fröhlich-Wyder M.-T., Fürst M.

Development of a surface smear starter culture

The FAM has developed two new surface mixed-cultures for smear ripened cheeses. These cultures have proven to be successful in practice and can now be ordered from the FAM. Research work carried out with the objective of combating sticky smear yielded numerous data on its formation. These results were used by the FAM to develop…
Food

Eyer H., Collomb M., Sieber R.

Precious milk fat from the high lands

High land milk fat produced on swiss alps during summer months contains significantly higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids than common summer milk fat. Also conjugated cis/trans linoleic acids and ?-3 fatty acids contents are markedly higher. This result obtained in a single alp study a few years ago could be confirmed in a follow-up…
Food

Sieber R., Eyer H.

Milk and dairy products – from birth to death

Depending on age, human beings have different needs for nutrients which can be supplied only through a varied diet. Milk and dairy products play a very important part in the human diet thanks to their composition in different nutritive elements. Among the most important elements are the proteins, linoleic acids, short chain fatty acids, sphingolipids…
Food

Bogdanov S., Blumer P.

Natural antibiotic properties of honey

In honey there are different natural antibacterial substances, or so called inhibines. One of them, hydrogen peroxide, was thought to be the most important one. However, our studies show, that there are different non-peroxide antibacterial substances. Contrary to the peroxide inhibines, they are not sensitive towards heat , light and storage. The antibacterial effect of…
Food

Bachmann H.-P., Bobst C., Bütikofer U., Casey M.G., Dalla Torre M., Fürst M., Wyder M.Th.

Cultures for reducing the stickiness of smeared cheese surfaces

“Numerous traditional Swiss cheese varieties are smear-ripened e.g. Gruyère, Raclette, Appenzeller and Tilsiter. The smear is a very complex ecosystem composed of moulds, yeasts and bacteria. It contributes to the typical flavour of these cheese varieties. In recent years, the occurence of a defect, the so-called stickiness of the smear, has increased. The smear became…
Food

Sieber R., Eyer H.

New reference values regarding the intake of nutritive substances represent a chance for the agriculture and dairy industry

In the year 2000, new reference values for the intake of nutritive substances were published in the German speaking countries. These values differ from previous recommendations, for the German population, for example, in a higher intake of folic acid, vitamin C and calcium. In order to comply with these recommendations, the consumers should attach more…
Food

Höhn E.

Fruit and vegetable quality from the field to the table

It is undebated that a sufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables decreases the risk of various diseases. In spite of this, Swiss consumption of fruit and vegetables remains relatively low. Campaigns are now planned in Switzerland to increase consumption of these food groups, with a view to contributing to the prevention of several diseases. Hindering…
Food

Bachmann H.-P.

Proteinase-positive cultures lead to better melting properties of Raclette cheese

Proteolysis has a strong influence on the melting properties of Raclette cheese. In a multifactoriel cheesemaking trial the influences of the proteinase-activity of the lactococci-culture (proteinase-positive / proteinase-negative) and the type of ripening (smear ripening / foil ripening) on the melting properties of Raclette cheese were investigated. The trial showed that the proteinase-activity of the…

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