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Environment

Bänziger I., Winter W., Rüegger A., Krebs H.

Control of seed-borne snow mould (Gerlachia nivalis) of winter wheat with warm water

Warm water treatment of seeds of winter wheat cv. Runal under practical conditions was compared with a laboratory warm water treatment, a chemical seed dressing, and an untreated control in field and laboratory experiments in 1997-1998. The treatment under practical conditions was performed as follows: seed lots (350 kg) were dipped into water (45°C) for…
Plant production

Jenny E., Amiet J., Hecker A., Forrer H.-R.

Control of Septoria tritici based on ELISA-thresholds

In Europe Septoria tritici (ST) is actually one of the most important diseases in wheat. The data from 12 Swiss field trials from 1993 to 1998 with different cultivars were analyzed. In 1/3 out of the cases a treatment against ST was economically justified. This situation is an ideal prerequisite to use intervention thresholds. From…
Food

Höhn E., Guggenbühl B.

Market demands on Golden Delicious Apples

Sugar content and firmness are two important factors determining eating quality of apples. Sensory analysis with a trained panel confirmed that sweetness, sourness, fruitiness and firmness can be predicted by instrumental measurements such as total soluble solids (refractometer), titratable acidity and firmness measurements by penetrometer. Tests with consumers indicated that Golden Delicious of acceptable eating…
Food

Eberhard P., Strahm W., Eyer H.

High pressure treatment of whipped cream

Pasteurized cream with 260, 290, 320 and 350 g/kg fat content was treated by high pressure in the range between 300 and 800 MPa. Whipping properties of cream with fat content < 320 g/kg was better after pressurization. The whipping time was 15 to 25 % shorter and loss of serum was lower. This is…
Food

Dufey P.-A., Chambaz A.

Label production in Switzerland and beef quality

Switzerland is not exempted from the proliferation of labels in the beef industry. The possible effects on beef quality of the specific norms which have been elaborated by the label organisations are discussed in this review. The quality of the final product depends not only on the way the animals are fattened, it depends even…
Food

Dufey P.-A., Chambaz A.

Effects of production factors on the quality of beef

Meat quality is the result of complex effects, which depend on many factors, primarily the location of the muscle in the body, but also on sex, breed, nutrition, growth rate, age at slaughter, fatness and carcass conformation. The literature on the subject of the various influencing factors is reviewed, and their impact on bovine meat…
Environment

Lips A., Jaberg C., Frei G., Dubois D.

Flora and Fauna in industrial crops

In a three year project segetal plants, ground beetles and spiders were studied for their presence in fields of industrial crops, fibre hemp, kenaf, oilseed rape, and miscanthus. To compare the results reference cultures (different meadow types on arable land, winter wheat and maize) were also integrated into the study. The aim of the project…
Environment

Candinas T., Chassot G.M., Kupper T., Menzi H., Spiess E., Besson J.-M.

Contamination of soil by sewage sludge and other fertilisers

The heavy metal load to Swiss soils decreased significantly in past years. Nevertheless, the input still is considerably higher than crop uptake. Fertilisers contribute around 50 % to the load of most metals, except for chromium and zinc with 90 % and 80 % respectively. Sewage sludge contributes 42 % of the lead, 26 %…
Environment

Wiedemeier P., Duelli P.

Ecological compensation areas to enhance beneficial arthropods

Ecological compensation areas in agriculture not only have to enhance biodiversity of rare and threatend species, but also support biological control of agricultural pests by increasing the diversity and abundance of beneficial arthropods. This is of particularly importance for integrated production (IP) and biological farming. Our investigations show that almost all spiders and predatory beetles…
Plant production

Boller B.

New cultivars of Italian ryegrass: Lipurus and Vicugna

Two new cultivars of Italian ryegrass have been released frequently: Lipurus and Vicugna. These tetraploid cultivars originate from the same breeding stock as the well-known varieties Lipo and Ellire. They are distinguished by an improved resistance against important diseases whilst maintaining the high yield level of Ellire. Mainly resistance against bacterial wilt <br>( Xanthomonas campestris…
Environment

Weisskopf P., Zihlmann U., Wiermann C., Horn R., Anken T., Diserens E.

Influences of ploughing on soil structure

“In a field trial it was investigated whether soil can be tilled more considerate with onland ploughing (all four wheels of the tractor run on the untilled soil surface) than with conventional ploughing (two wheels of the tractor run in the furrow). As expected conventional ploughing caused the highest soil stress at 35 cm depth,…
Animal production

Van Caenegem L.

Resistance of silo floors to silage juices

Seven different types of concrete, three types of asphaltic concrete and three types of mastic asphalt were exposed to silage juice of maize during 9 weeks. The samples were mounted on transmission chains making an alternation between immersion and drying possible. The measuring of the weight losses showed that the resistance of the concrete could…
Environment

Rinaldi M., Gaillard G.

Fuel consumption and waste gases of agricultural tractors

Within the scope of the annual tractor tests on the motor test bench of the FAT, performance and consumption data as well as the waste gas components HC (unburned hydrocarbons), NOx (nitrogen oxides) and CO (carbon mo-noxide) are measured. The model developed on the basis of this data allows the calculation of the waste gas…
Agricultural economics

Pfefferli S., Schmid D.

Strategies within the scope of agricultural policy 2002

Within the scope of the introduction of Switzerland’s Agricultural Policy 2002, underlying conditions will change so that there will be pressing need for a large number of farms to take action. Model calculations involving a medium-sized mixed farm show that between 1996 and 2003, given a surface increase of 2 % and an adaptation of…
Agricultural economics

Meier B.

The economic situation of the test farms since 1990

The agricultural income of the test farms of the Central Analysis of Accountancy Data de-creased significantly between 1990 and 1995. The income situation slightly recovered in 1996 and 1997. Taking the general price increase into account, however, the nominal income remains clearly below the level reached at the beginning of the nineties. Over the course…
Agricultural economics

Malitius O., Pfefferli S.

Agro-economic research as decision support

The FAT’s agro-economic research is focused on analyses, calculations and prognosis helping the farmers, agricultural advisors and agricultural policy in their decision-making processes. Any decision support is an intensive dialogue between the advisors and the decision-makers. The quantitative methods used depend on the specific problems. Agro-political measures in particular must be assessed according to economic,…
Agricultural economics

Kaufmann R.

Research in the field of animal housing systems for the assessment of sustainability

Sustainable, that is to say economic, ecological and socially responsible production methods are increasingly requested by the general public and the agricultural policy makers. The primary goal of research in the field of process engineering is to develop and improve animal housing systems. Moreover, the research establishes essential bases for decisions in order to assess…

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