Archive
721 posts
Baseline sensitivity of septoria leaf blotch to SDHI fungicides
Since recently, a new class of fungicides is available to control Septoria leaf blotch of wheat, the so-called carboxamides or SDHI. The risk of resistance development in Mycosphaerella graminicola to SDHI fungicides is estimated to be medium to high. Therefore the implementation of an anti-resistance strategy is necessary to preserve the efficacy of these fungicides.…
DOC trial: nutrient supply in winter wheat – where is the deficit?
The nutrient supply of winter wheat was one of the topics investigated by the DOC long-term system comparison from 1978 to 2003. The aim of this trial is to provide evidence of nutrient-related yield limitations in organic farming systems. Substantial differences in yield between «organic» and «conventional» farming systems and different fertilisation intensities were primarily…
The CULTAN system in a screening test for Swiss arable farming
The CULTAN (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) system was tested on farmers fields in the Swiss Midlands from 2008 to 2010. In plot trials with winter wheat and grain maize, liquid ammonium sulphate was applied in a single dose according to the CULTAN system and compared with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate, which were…
Western corn rootworm control in Switzerland, yet a successful story
Since 2000 Switzerland belongs to the 22 European countries where the quarantine pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Western corn rootworm, has been detected. It’s reported to be the most important maize pest worldwide with an economical damage up to 1,5 Billion $. In Switzerland, it’s constantly present in the southern part of the Alps, while…
Bacterial wilt – a puzzling disease of forage grasses
Bacterial wilt of forage grasses is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg) and leads to major damage in meadows and pastures. To support the breeding of resistant cultivars, we are studying the genetic bases of the interaction between bacteria and plants. In doing so, we have learnt that this interaction exhibits a…
Fruit genetic resources: diversity for the future
Since 1999, the Federal Office of Agriculture (BLW) supports the collection, conservation and description of old fruit varieties within the framework of the National Plan of Action (NAP) for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA). In the course of the nationwide fruit inventory in the years 2000…
Grain sorghum – an arable crop with attractive properties, as yet unknown in Switzerland
With 40.5 million hectares under cultivation, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the world’s fifth-most important arable crop. Although primarily cultivated in warmer regions, the area devoted to this crop in Europe has increased over the past few years – among other things because sorghum produces attractive yields even when little water is available. In order…
Forage potential of the Jura pastures
The next land reform will force farmers to maximize the use of local feed resources. In the Jura, the heterogeneity of natural conditions drives to a variety of plant associations with specific production potential, often difficult to assess. Methods have been tested in plains and mountain regions to learn more about yield variability of the…
Prediction of fruit set in apple to facilitate the chemical fruit thinning
The decision, whether a chemical fruit thinning in an apple orchard is necessary and to what extent, is often difficult. Currently growers take a decision without knowing the extend of natural fruit drop (June drop). In recent years two methods for prediction of fruit set respectively the intensity of June fruit drop in apples have…
Innovative agroforestry systems – on-farm monitoring of opportunities and limitations
Agriculture will undergo ecological intensification. Agroforestry systems which combine woody plants with arable crops and/or grassland provide ecological as well as economic benefits. One the one hand, agroforestry systems are characterised by higher overall productivity. On the other, they are expected to provide improved resource conservation and contribute to enhanced biodiversity. Whether this potential can…
Antifungal properties of plants exposed to UV irradiation
When exposed to stress, plants produce protective compounds. These molecules contribute to their adaptation to environmental changes and to resistance to microbial attacks. Some fungal phytopathogenic species, especially those belonging to the Fusarium group, are also able to develop diseases in humans. In order to identify new sources of antifungal molecules of pharmacologic or agronomic…
Evaluating occupational health risks in the approval process of plant protection products
Plant protection products (PPP) have become an important production factor in many agricultural cultivation systems without which the high quality and output of agricultural products cannot be guaranteed. On the other hand however, PPP often have dangerous properties, and can therefore only be brought into circulation in Switzerland once they have been approved by the…
Perennial ryegrass: 62 cultivars put to the test
From 2009 through 2011, Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART and Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW tested 62 cultivars of perennial ryegrass, including 45 new cultivars. Yield, vigour, juvenile development, competitive ability, persistence, winter hardiness, resistance to leaf diseases and bacterial wilt, digestible organic matter content and suitability for higher altitudes were investigated. Of the early-to-mid-early varieties, «Algira», «Arcturus» and…
The national genebank of Agroscope yesterday, today and tomorrow
The genbank of Agroscope ACW is more than one hundred years old and landraces, collected at the beginning of 1900 are still conserved and available. The actual conservation techniques allow the long term preservation of an important number of species. For the species conserved by seeds, the backup conservation is carried out in Norway, at…
ArboPlus, a tool to support management skills of fruit grower
ACW developed an Excel based tool called ArboPlus to help growers to roughly evaluate their situation on orchard, farm and family level. Information has been collected within workshops and interviews with consultants for fruit production and business. At orchard level, growers can analyze their productivity and compare it with a benchmark. At farm level, they…
Senecio aquaticus shows rapid and high seed germination
Senecio aquaticus (marsh ragwort), poisonous to livestock, has become increasingly abundant in agricultural grassland. In this study, the germination and seed survival of S. aquaticus were investigated in a series of standardised tests with the aim to improve the species’ control in managed grassland. Germination percentages of fresh ripe seeds of S. aquaticus were on…
Can Senecio aquaticus be controlled in agricultural grassland?
In recent years, Senecio aquaticus has become increasingly abundant in agricultural grassland of medium-to- high management intensity in Switzerland, Southern Germany and Austria, where its toxicity poses a threat to animal health. This study aimed to identify measures for controlling S. aquaticus. A detailed field experiment was set up at five sites in Switzerland to…
The resistance of transgenic wheat lines against fungal infections in field trials
The transfer of additional resistance genes by transgenesis allows to better understand their function and interactions with the other genes of the plant. This study examines the resistance of different wheat lines against powdery mildew, stripe rust and Fusarium head blight. On the one hand, the race specific resistance gene Pm3b of the wheat landrace…
Bt maize – a potential contribution to integrated production?
Bt maize represents a targeted and efficient measure for controlling certain pests. Replacing broad-spectrum insecticides with Bt maize produces environmental benefits, for example because this approach does not harm beneficial organisms. Growers can produce high-quality products with low time and resource investment. Resistance evolution and potential secondary pest outbreaks are risks for the sustainable use…
Potential for drip irrigation in potato production under changing climatic conditions
From 2008 to 2010 Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART examined the effectiveness of drip irrigation with the potato varieties Agria and Charlotte. Irrigation hoses were laid out between the rows or in each ridge of the furrow with an identical water supply. Only in 2008 there was a tendency for the gross yields produced by…
Virulence monitoring and the structure of powdery mildew populations between 2003 and 2010
Breeding for powdery mildew resistant wheat varieties needs information on the presence of virulences and the virulence structure of the current powdery mildew populations. In this work, we present a novel approach for virulence analyses by global analysis and not by analyzing the constituants of the population, as this was done in previous studies. Here,…
