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Environment 1999

Schubiger F.X., Bosshard H.-R., Briner H., Lehmann J.

The percentage recovery of fertilizer nitrogen (cattle slurry and ammonium nitrate) in the harvested herbage of grass-clover mixtures, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.)and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were investigated. The mean amount of N in the yield of grass-clover mixtures (five cuts per year), which were fertilized with 150 kg…

Environment 1999

Heller W.E.

To date it is not possible to predict the amount of organic nitrogen that will be mineralised after a compost is mixed into a soil. Nitrogen mineralisation is greatly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the compost, its biological colonisation and the biological activity in the soil which is controlled by soil humidity…

Environment 1999

Dubois D., Gunst L., Fried P.M., Stauffer W., Spiess E., Mäder P., Alföldi T., Fliessbach A., Frei R., Niggli U.

Between 1978 and 1998 a bio-dynamic, a bio-organic and a conventional farming system were compared in the DOC-field-trial on a luvisol on Loess at Therwil, Switzerland. Nutrient input (N, P, K) in organic systems was about 50 % lower than in the conventional system. Yields of marketable potatoes showed the strongest reduction after conversion to…

Environment 1999

Siegenthaler A., Häni H., Stauffer W.

In a long term field trial with very high amounts of sewage sludge and pig slurry application (2 and 5 tons of organic matter per hectare and year) the nutrient content of the soil, especially phosphate, increased considerably. The pH-values of the soil decreased in the treatments where no fertilizer or high quantities of pig…

Environment 1999

Lötscher R., Kupper T., Candinas T., Hungerbühler N., Besson J.-M.

For the first time a comprehensive inventory of wastes that could be recycled in the Swiss agriculture as fertilizer was established. It includes about 60 different types of wastes, which amount to a total quantity of 4.7 million tons of dry matter, of which 0.7 tons are at present used in crop production. They thus…

Environment 1999

Krebs H., Jäggi W.

In a series of experiments some essential oils and a water extract of hemp flowers have been tested against the bacterial pathogen of potatoes Erwinia carotovora (Helmers et Dowson) Dye. The extracts have been examined in vitro in a pure culture an in vivo on potatoes latently infected by the pathogen. In some cases the…

Environment 1999

Bellini E., Schaffner D., Jeanneret P., Lips A., Fried P.M.

With the growing interest for wildflower strips in Switzerland, the questions of their management and optimal location become relevant. At one site (in Wermatswil ZH), we studied the impact of two different management practices (mowing and mulching) on spider populations. At the other site (in Rafzerfeld ZH), the influence of several environmental factors (structure and…

Environment 1998

Zihlmann U., Weisskopf P.

We compared the effect of this new technique and of traditional seed bed preparation on soil nitrogen dynamics. The soil in this trial tended to stay in clods after seed bed preparation with a rotary harrow (traditional method). With the stone and clod windrowing technique, both clods and stones were separated from the fine soil…

Environment 1998

Pfiffner L.

In a 2-year study effects of a special soil tillage on earthworms were investigated in potatoes. Soil separation is a tillage method mainly in potatoe production seperating stones and large soil particles from fine earth. The earthworms were sampled before and twice after soil tillage with the combined method of extraction and hand sorting. The…

Environment 1998

Wyss G.S., Müller-Schärer H.

Quantitative resistance of Senecic vulgaris L. to the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke was investigated in terms of underlying mechanisms and relevance for biological weed control following the system management approach. The infection process of P. lagenophorae on S. vulgaris was studied by light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The infection process was quantified using…

Environment 1998

Chervet A., Stricker L.

“The Soil Protection Service of the canton of Berne is running a soil surveillance program since 1993. Its aim is to record the present condition of the soils and the further development of their fertility. The soil surveillance program serves to determine “”hot-spots””, where immediate action is to be taken, but even more it allows…

Environment 1998

Bigler F., Jeanneret Ph., Lips A., Schüpbach B., Waldburger M., Fried P.

“According to the Swiss Federal law on Agriculture (article 316), ecological subsidies”” are paid to farmers only if they respect special ecological rules on their farms. One of the major objectives of ecological measures is the conservation and increase of biodiversity in agricultural landscape. Five to seven percent of the land of each farm in…

Environment 1998

Schaffner D., Keller S.M., Fried P.M.

Two set-aside plots were established by natural revegetation and by sowing a wildflower seed mixture at each of 13 sites on fertile arable soils of the Swiss plateau.<br>The objectives were to investigate whether species rich plant communities would develop on naturally revegetated fertile arable soils and whether problem weeds such as Cirsium arvense and Rumex…

Environment 1998

Jossi W., Dubois D.

“The injury caused by potato beetles is the defoliation of potato plants especially under warm and dry weather conditions. A single larva can destroy up to 40 to 50 cm’ of the leaf surface which corresponds to 1 % to 2 % of the leaf area of plants at the developmental stage appearance of blossom””.…

Environment 1998

Forrer H.-R., Jenny E., Hecker A.

In the last ten years, Septoria tritici (ST) become one of the most important wheat diseases in Switzerland. To develop economic and intervention thresholds, 33 different situations from ten field trials with natural infections were analysed. Swiss wheat cultivars of different resistances were analysed from 1993 to 1997. For the economic threshold, a value of…

Environment 1998

Schaffner D., Schwab A., Zwimpfer T., Kappeler P.

Wildflower strips, sown with different seed mixtures, were established on contrasting soil types of arable land on the Swiss plateau. The objectives were to develop seed mixtures which support plant species diversity on wildflower strips over a considerable period of time, and to investigate factors which could potentially cause a decrease in species diversity. After…

Environment 1998

Denoth F., Egli M., Allgöwer B.

The presented, GIS-based model classifies the loss of phosphorus due to surface runoff in agricultural ecosystems. The proposed modelling approach employs the following fundamental data: a detailed soil map, a map on land use, and the digital elevation model. The required maps and a voluminous data base was available for the Lippenrütibach basin, where the…

Environment 1998

Winter W., Bänziger I., Rüegger A., Krebs H.

In Switzerland, one of the most important seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat is Gerlachia nivalis (=Fusarium nivale, snow mould). A warm water seed treatment under practical conditions against G. nivalis-naturally infected summer-wheat seed, was compared with a laboratory warm water treatment and a chemical dressing in field and laboratory experiments. For the warm water treatment…

Environment 1998

Rüegger A., Winter W., Bänziger I.

For organic farming, the use of chemically treated seed is not permitted. Therefore the untreated seed should be free from heavy contamination by pathogens. Since 1995, seed health tests were performed from organic farming seed lots. Based on threshold values for Fusarium Nivale (snow mould), Septoria nodorum (damping-off) and Tilletia caries (common bunt), a recommendation…

Environment 1998

Braun M., Wüthrich-Steiner C., Spiess E., Stauffer W., Prasuhn V.

What are the effects of ecological measures taken in accordance with the Swiss Federal Law on Agriculture (Art. 31b)? Is it possible to reduce the excess phosphorus and nitrogen loading of waters from agriculture? In order to study these questions, two projects have been started in 1996 at the Institute of Environmental Protection and Agriculture.…

Environment 1998

Walther U.

Environment 1998

Fuchs J.

Environment 1998

Winter W., Bänziger I., Krebs H., Rüegger A., Frei P., Gindrat D.

Environment 1998

Bieri M., Kaufmann R., Heller W., Berner A.

Environment 1998

Diserens E., Anken Th., Weisskopf P., Zihlmann U.

Environment 1997

Zihlmann U., Weisskopf P., Menzi H., Ingold U.

Environment 1997

Winter W., Bänziger I., Krebs H., Rüegger A., Frei P., Gindrat D.

Environment 1997

Frei Ming U., Candinas T., Besson J.-M.

Environment 1997

Zimmermann M., Koch B., Kessler W., Besson J.-M.

Environment 1997

Zimmermann A., Gaillard G.