Archive
722 posts
Effects of preceding crop and tillage on the incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol content in winter wheat grain
In two field experiments with mouldboard plough, cultivator and no-tillage, the harvested grains of winter wheat were analysed. We examined the degree of contamination with Fusarium and the content of deoxynivalenol (DON). Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale were isolated from all samples. The highest incidence of disease (up to 42 % infection by…
Susceptibility of Swiss wheat cultivars to fusaria
In field trials with artificial infections, the susceptibility of 15 Swiss and 3 foreign wheat varieties to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum was examined. The resistance pattern for the two fusaria was equal and no species specific reactions were registered. The cultivars showed big differences in disease severity, yield losses and contamination with the mycotoxin…
Effect of fungicides on fusaria of wheat
In 1998 and 1999 the influence of azole and strobilurine fungicides on wheat head blight was investigated. Artificial infections with Fusarium culmorum applied in growth stage (GS) 63-65 on wheat, assured the head blight infections. In 1998 the fungicides were applied on three different cultivars in GS 57 and GS 67. Applications with azole fungicides…
Development of grass/white clover swards under rotational and continuous grazing with steers
Dynamics of botanical composition of four grass/white clover seed mixtures either grazed rotationally or continuously with steers were measured during four year The grazing system had little effect on the botanical composition of the swards. Perennial ryegrass was the main grass with 60 – 70 %. Arion, the first Swiss perennial ryegrass cultivar proved to…
Growth parameters of potatoes are influenced by the source of seed
We investigated growth parameters from 28 varieties of potatoes, the seeds of which originated from different altitudes. It is known that different climatic conditions influence the physiological age of seed tubers. We hypothesised that seed originating from higher altitudes is physiologically younger due to a shorter growing period and lower temperatures. Therefore the number of…
Field inspections 1999
The field inspections for seed certification of cereals, hybrid maize, grain legumes, red clover and forage grasses were carried out on 8‘945 ha in 2000. In cereals 92,5% of the registered area was admitted during field inspection, 2,1% was refused and 5.4% was withdrawn from field inspection. Hail damage, presence of other cereals, and varietal…
Effects of propionic acid on preservation and quality of baled moist hay
At the Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production at Posieux, four conservation methods were compared and their impact on forage quality was investigated. The evaluation of propionic acid as preservative for moist hay was of particular interest. Three roughage types were harvested: a late first cut as well as an early and late third…
Decimal Code for growth stages of hemp
A decimal code for growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is presented. The life cycle is divided into four principal stages: germination and emergence, vegetative stage, flowering and seed formation, senescence. Each principal stage is subdivided into secondary stages. The practical use of the code is discussed with particular reference to different yield components.<br><br>Un codice…
New problem plants and weeds in Switzerland – a threat to agriculture and natural areas?
The increasing number of naturalized nonnative (exotic) plant species is a significant component of global change in most regions of the world. In agricultural areas new exotics may cause new weed problems and may demand for new control measures. In natural areas newly established exotic species may become dominant and suppress native vegetation, thus threatening…
New Swiss cultivars of perennial ryegrass: Cavia, Arvicola, Lacerta
Three new Swiss cultivars of perennial ryegrass have been inscribed recently into the list of recommended cultivars of forage plants: Cavia (diploid, early), Arvicola (tetraploid, very early) and Lacerta (tetraploid, early). They were mainly derived from the same genetic resources (Swiss ecotypes collected in 1972) as our very early cultivar Arion. As compared to Arion,…
Control of Septoria tritici based on ELISA-thresholds
In Europe Septoria tritici (ST) is actually one of the most important diseases in wheat. The data from 12 Swiss field trials from 1993 to 1998 with different cultivars were analyzed. In 1/3 out of the cases a treatment against ST was economically justified. This situation is an ideal prerequisite to use intervention thresholds. From…
Adequate nutrition supply for vegetables – concepts and perspectives
Nutrient recommendations for vegetables take into account the nutrient demand of the crop and soil analysis. Different methods are used to assess the nitrogen availability in the soil which varies in space and time. The nitrogen demand of vegetables is higher than the nitrogen uptake particularly on fields with a high level of productivity. To…
New cultivars of Italian ryegrass: Lipurus and Vicugna
Two new cultivars of Italian ryegrass have been released frequently: Lipurus and Vicugna. These tetraploid cultivars originate from the same breeding stock as the well-known varieties Lipo and Ellire. They are distinguished by an improved resistance against important diseases whilst maintaining the high yield level of Ellire. Mainly resistance against bacterial wilt <br>( Xanthomonas campestris…
Ensilability of some herbs of intensively used meadows
The ensilability and the silage quality of some common herbs of permanent meadows were investigated. The following herbs were tested: Taraxacum officinale, Anthriscus sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Ranunculus acer and Ranunculus repens. Plant material of the first and third cut was ensiled in laboratory silos. For comparison, the two grasses Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata as…
Estimation of herbage yield based on sward height
Sward height measurements were made on a variety of Swiss grassland plots in 1997-98. Between values measured with a French and a New Zealand rising plate meter (RPM), very good correlation was found whereas it was less strong with ruler measurements. For two different grassland types, regression analysis was applied to estimate dry matter (DM)…
Effect of management on nutritive value of meadows
The effects of management intensity on the content of net energy for lactation and crude protein of grass-clover mixtures, cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) were investigated. Increasing cutting frequency from four to five times per year resulted in a higher content of net…
Phenological retrospective for the year 1998
Anche il 1998 può di nuovo venir considerato un anno molto caldo. L’inverno 1997/1998 fu ancora una volta molto mite, ciò che portò a uno sviluppo molto precoce della vegetazione. L’anticipo dello sviluppo vegetativo venne frenato da un ritorno di freddo solo per Pasqua ma in estate fu di nuovo osservato un vantaggio di una…
Timothy and red fescue variety trials between 1996 and 1998
In the years 1998 until 2000 the two research stations Zürich-Reckenholz and Nyon-Changins tested 71 varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under our growth conditions. Considerable progress was observed in agronomically relevant properties like competing ability, persistence and resistance to bacterial cancor and rust.<br><br>Based on the achieved results the following varieties are recently recommended…
Only the best varieties are good enough: Results and experience of 30 years of variety testing
Over the years, enormous differences in terms of yielding ability were found between poor and good varieties of forage plant species. This fact proves the decisive importance of making the right choice. There are other important qualities of varieties deciding upon the acceptance for the „list of recommended varieties of forage plants”. The procedure of…
