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Animal production

Bühlmann G., Finessi-Draškovic S.

Total microbial counts of goat milk

Total microbial counts from 2400 samples of goat milk from the Bernese Oberland and Central Switzerland are not normally distributed. Arithmetic means of the number of colony forming units (cfu/ml) are higher than in cow milk whereas the medians are lower. From 1995 until 1997 the producers managed to increase steadily the ratio of class…
Agricultural economics

Anwander Phan-Huy S.

Ecological concerns in the Swiss agricultural policy

At the beginning of the 1970s, the Swiss public was shocked by reports in news media on the subject of ecological problems resulting from agricultural activities. Since then, measures to improve integration and promote environmental awareness have been implemented, hesitantly at first due to political opposition, and then more decisively with the agricultural policy reform…
Plant production

Krebs H., Dubois D., Külling C., Forrer H.-R., Streit B., Rieger S., Richner W

Effects of preceding crop and tillage on the incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol content in winter wheat grain

In two field experiments with mouldboard plough, cultivator and no-tillage, the harvested grains of winter wheat were analysed. We examined the degree of contamination with Fusarium and the content of deoxynivalenol (DON). Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale were isolated from all samples. The highest incidence of disease (up to 42 % infection by…
Plant production

Jenny E., Hecker A., Kessler P., Külling C., Forrer H.-R.

Susceptibility of Swiss wheat cultivars to fusaria

In field trials with artificial infections, the susceptibility of 15 Swiss and 3 foreign wheat varieties to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum was examined. The resistance pattern for the two fusaria was equal and no species specific reactions were registered. The cultivars showed big differences in disease severity, yield losses and contamination with the mycotoxin…
Environment

Jäggi W., Weisskopf P., Oberholzer H.-R., Zihlmann U.

Microbial biomass in two arable soils

Over a two year period, changes in the microbiological properties of two arable soils were charted and compared with the site conditions. In the topsoil of a calcic cambisol, the content of microbial biomass was, on average, 42 % higher than in a gleyic cambisol. A higher pH and a looser strture favoured the development…
Plant production

Forrer H.-R., Hecker A., Külling C., Kessler P., Jenny E., Krebs H.

Effect of fungicides on fusaria of wheat

In 1998 and 1999 the influence of azole and strobilurine fungicides on wheat head blight was investigated. Artificial infections with Fusarium culmorum applied in growth stage (GS) 63-65 on wheat, assured the head blight infections. In 1998 the fungicides were applied on three different cultivars in GS 57 and GS 67. Applications with azole fungicides…
Plant production

Thomet P., Hadorn M., Troxler J., Koch B.

Development of grass/white clover swards under rotational and continuous grazing with steers

Dynamics of botanical composition of four grass/white clover seed mixtures either grazed rotationally or continuously with steers were measured during four year The grazing system had little effect on the botanical composition of the swards. Perennial ryegrass was the main grass with 60 – 70 %. Arion, the first Swiss perennial ryegrass cultivar proved to…
Environment

Pfiffner L., Luka H., Jeanneret P., Schüpbach B

Effects of different field margins on carabid beetles in two different landscapes

In a national evaluation program, the effects of different field margins on the carabid fauna were investigated by using funnel pitfall traps. 109 cultivated and non-cultivated (51 field margins) sites were chosen for a biodiversity evaluation, in which carabids were used as indicators. The data of the first investigation year shows that the abundance and…
Plant production

Muheim R., Hebeisen T., Winiger F.A.

Growth parameters of potatoes are influenced by the source of seed

We investigated growth parameters from 28 varieties of potatoes, the seeds of which originated from different altitudes. It is known that different climatic conditions influence the physiological age of seed tubers. We hypothesised that seed originating from higher altitudes is physiologically younger due to a shorter growing period and lower temperatures. Therefore the number of…
Environment

Dreier S., Lips A., Volkart G., Schüpbach B., Bigler F.

Ecological compensatory areas in the mosaic of agricultural landscape

In three case studies, the spectrum of plant species was evaluated in ecological compensatory areas (extensively and less intensively cultivated meadows, flower strips, hedgerows), in the dominant cultures (winter wheat, intensively cultivated meadows, meadows in orchards) and in the edges of the forests. Habitat specificity, calculated on the base of plant composition in different types…
Food

Bachmann H.-P.

Proteinase-positive cultures lead to better melting properties of Raclette cheese

Proteolysis has a strong influence on the melting properties of Raclette cheese. In a multifactoriel cheesemaking trial the influences of the proteinase-activity of the lactococci-culture (proteinase-positive / proteinase-negative) and the type of ripening (smear ripening / foil ripening) on the melting properties of Raclette cheese were investigated. The trial showed that the proteinase-activity of the…
Environment

Hütter E., Bigler F., Fried P.M.

Planting transgenic pest resistant crops in Switzerland?

Transgenic insect-resistant crops have been commercially cultivated on a surface of around 9 mio. hectares worldwide in 1999. The main target of growing pest-resistant plants is to reduce crop losses due to insect pests and to reduce insecticide applications and thus to minimize negative impacts on the environment. Potentially negative effects are discussed for Bacillus…
Other

Frick R.

PE colour stretch films for silage bales

Within the scope of an investigation, we examined the suitability of colour PE stretch films for wrapping silage bales. Four types of films (white, black, olive green and brown) of two different manufacturers (Silotite and Teno-Spin) were used. We investigated the temperature rise beneath the film at a depth of 10 cm, the films’ influence…

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