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Agricultural economics

Hess B., Schmid H., Lehmann B.

Environmental indicators – Interface between economy and ecology

Experts carried out a survey using the Delphi method in order to obtain reliable instruments for monitoring the environmental consequences of national legislation and, at the same time, to determine the impact and effectiveness of the applicable regulations. The survey included both the active and inanimate environment (soil, water, air, bio-diversity and landscape). The first…
Agricultural economics

Gaillard G., Hausheer J.

Life cycle assessment of wheat cropping

An environmental life cycle assessment of different wheat cropping systems (intensive United Kingdom, intensive, integrated and organic Switzerland) was established. The results reveal that wheat cropping systems with a reduced input use proved to be most favourable from an ecological point of view, provided that the yield reaches a certain level. the sensitivity of the…
Agricultural economics

Baur P.

Nature conservation – from a casual agricultural by-product to an intended service Yields and economic results of three farming systems at Burgrain

Since 1993 nature conservation is promoted within the Swiss agricultural policy. In 1997 4,2 % of the direct governmental subsidies to farmers were allocated to ecological compensation measures. Approximately 9 % of the national agricultural surface was managed on a contractual basis. The empirical analysis in the canton Zurich (1996) confirms that the participation of…
Plant production

Valenghi D.

Field inspections 1998

The field inspections for seed certification of cereals, hybrid maize, grain legumes, red clover and forage crops were carried out on 9’431 ha in 1998. In cereals 92 % of the registered area was admitted during field inspection. Presence of other cereals, drought damage and varietal impurities were the most important factors for rejection. The…
Food

Lehmann O., Klantschitsch T., Puhan Z.

Yield of raw milk cheese vs. cheese from microfiltered milk

Contamination of milk with spores of Clostridium tyrobutyricum is causing late blowing in hard and semi-hard cheese. The microfiltration at 12°C and 40°C reduced the count of spores efficiently making it possible to manufacture cheese of good quality from silage milk with initially high spore contamination. The mass balance showed that microfiltration at 12°C resulted…
Food

Künsch U., Schärer H., Patrian B., Hurter J., Conedera M., Sassella A., Jermini M., Jelmini G.

Quality assessment of chestnut fruit from the Ticino region

“It is planned to cultivate suitable chestnut varieties for commercial use in the Ticino region of Switzerland. Quality analysis were carried out on five native chestnut varieties and the results compared with a commercial variety. With the exception of “”Pinca”” the fruit size of the native varieties was significantly smaller than that of the imported…
Environment

Zihlmann U., Weisskopf P.

Soil nitrogen dynamics after stone and clod windrowing (soil separation technique) in potato fields

We compared the effect of this new technique and of traditional seed bed preparation on soil nitrogen dynamics. The soil in this trial tended to stay in clods after seed bed preparation with a rotary harrow (traditional method). With the stone and clod windrowing technique, both clods and stones were separated from the fine soil…
Food

Sieber R.

Increased mucus production and exacerbation of asthma after consumption of milk?

The belief that in human consumption of milk produces more mucus is widespread. After Australian studies, some parameters of mucus production changed after consumption of milk. But these effects are not specific for milk because a non-cow’s milk drink with similar sensory characteristics caused the same changes. Individuals who believe it have more respiratory symptoms.…
Agricultural economics

Zbinden P., Hofer A., Künzi N.

Economic result of a production system with primiparous sows

Gilts have finished their first cycle of reproduction before reaching the adult weight. Carcass value of primiparous sows should be closer to fattening pigs than to old sows. An experiment has proved that carcasses of primiparous sows which weaned less than nine piglets had a good meat quality.<br>Calculation of gross margin gave different results depending…
Animal production

Stoll P.

Additional vitamin E in the ration for fattening pigs, Part 1. Fattening performance and consumer preferences

In a joint project of the companies Hoffmann-la Roche, Micarna SA and the Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production (RAP), the effect of an additional vitamin E supplementation of 100 mg/kg in a standard diet on pork quality parameters and purchasing habits of consumers was investigated. The control treatment consisted of a standard diet…
Animal production

Jost M., Bracher-Jakob A.

The effect of Sanobiotic®S, a multiactive probiotic growth promoter, in rearing piglets Vitamin A concentration in calf livers: results of a field survey

In a five week feeding trial with 160 rearing piglets, the effect of the multiactive probiotic growth promoter Sanobiotice® S was investigated alone or combined with 50 mg of Carbadox in comparison to a negative and positive control (50 mg of Carbadox) diet.<br>Only the treatment factor Carbadox increased growth rates. Due to differing animal losses,…
Animal production

Dufey P.-A.

Additional vitamin E in the ration for fattening pigs, Part 2. Effect on sensory and physico-chemical properties of meat

Vitamin E is an antioxidant. Various papers report on positive effects of vitamin E supplementations on meat color and oxidation stability thus improving meat quality.<br>In a feeding trial with fattening pigs, the control diet contained, according to Swiss feeding recommendations, 40 mg of vitamin E per kg of feed. The experimental diet was supplemented with…
Agricultural economics

Schleiss K., Meier U., Dumondel M., Lehmann B.

Comparing the costs of treating biogenic waste under Swiss conditions

The cost of treating biogenic waste is subject of discussion. However, there is not much data available comparing the costs of the different treatment alternatives. In this report the costs of the following treatment alternatives are compared: Agricultural composting along the fieldpaths in two different sizes, the composting on one small and two mid-sized open…
Agricultural economics

Lips M., Rieder P.

Intensity of energy use in Swiss agriculture

The intensity of energy use in the agricultural production systems of six industrialized countries, among them Switzerland, was investigated. The study has shown that Switzerland, like The Netherlands, has a high energy intensity. Between the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s the energy intensity of the Swiss agricultural sector has decreased. The same process can…
Environment

Wyss G.S., Müller-Schärer H.

Biological control of weeds: tracking the resistance mechanisms

Quantitative resistance of Senecic vulgaris L. to the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke was investigated in terms of underlying mechanisms and relevance for biological weed control following the system management approach. The infection process of P. lagenophorae on S. vulgaris was studied by light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The infection process was quantified using…
Environment

Chervet A., Stricker L.

Surface runoff of phosphorus – an evaluation model

“The Soil Protection Service of the canton of Berne is running a soil surveillance program since 1993. Its aim is to record the present condition of the soils and the further development of their fertility. The soil surveillance program serves to determine “”hot-spots””, where immediate action is to be taken, but even more it allows…
Environment

Bigler F., Jeanneret Ph., Lips A., Schüpbach B., Waldburger M., Fried P.

Evaluation of the impact of ecological measures in Swiss agriculture on biodiversity Evaluation of effects of ecological measures

“According to the Swiss Federal law on Agriculture (article 316), ecological subsidies”” are paid to farmers only if they respect special ecological rules on their farms. One of the major objectives of ecological measures is the conservation and increase of biodiversity in agricultural landscape. Five to seven percent of the land of each farm in…

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